李志鴻。〈《大乘開香作用科文》與《五部六冊》寶卷的流傳〉。《民俗曲藝》221 (2023.9): 187-220。
Li Zhihong. “Dasheng Kaixiang Zuoyong Kewen and the Spread of the Precious Scrolls of the Wubu Liuce.” Journal of Chinese Ritual, Theatre and Folklore 220 (2023.9): 187-220.
Abstract
歷史上，閩浙贛邊界地區盛行羅祖教，至遲在明萬曆年間《五部六冊》寶卷已在該地區傳承不絕，其版本函括明萬曆元年、萬曆十二年、萬曆十九年，以及清雍正七年、道光二十七年、光緒十年、光緒十九年等多種。《大乘開香作用科文》俗稱《開香本》、《起香本》、《舉香本》，所謂《開香本》實為詳載念誦《五部六冊》寶卷的方法以及儀式程式的科儀藍本，有清同治四年、民國二十三年刊本等，晚清民國以來的手抄本則不計其數。《大乘開香作用科文》不僅詳載羅祖教傳承的字派、歷代祖師名諱，亦涉及多種儀式類型，諸如：開香、報恩、還受生等儀式。對《大乘開香作用科文》進行研究，既可探究明清以來羅祖教在閩浙贛地區傳行、衍化的歷史，亦可知《五部六冊》寶卷通過儀式活動在廣大民間社會傳衍的實際情形。《大乘開香作用科文》亦提醒我們，從儀式實踐的角度入手，將對民間宗教與民間社會的關係有更深入的認識。
Historically, the Luozu sect was prevalent in the border regions of Fujian, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi, where the Wubu liuce (Five Books in Six Volumes) had been passed down continuously since the Ming dynasty’s Wanli era (1572–1620). The Dasheng kaixiang zuoyong kewen is commonly known as Kaixiang ben, Qixiang ben, and Juxiang ben, with the so-called Kaixiang ben actually consisting of a blueprint of detailed recitation methods and ritual procedures from the Wubu liuce, with copies published in 1865, 1934, etc. The Dasheng kaixiang zuoyong kewen not only details the generation name-characters of the Luozu sect and the names of past patriarchs, but also a variety of ritual types. Through the study of Dasheng kaixiang zuoyong kewen, we can explore the history and evolution of the Luozu sect in Fujian, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi since the Ming and Qing dynasties, and learn more about the actual processes by which the precious scrolls of the Wubu liuce spread in local society during rituals.