宋軍。〈《通天混海圖》析論〉。《民俗曲藝》221 (2023.9): 221-72。
Song Jun. “An Analysis of the Tongtian Hunhai Tu.” Journal of Chinese Ritual, Theatre and Folklore 221 (2023.9): 221-72.
Abstract
關於「成化禁書」經目及其中的若干同名存世經卷，正引起中國民間教派研究者的興趣，因為它有助於我們認識十五世紀甚至更早的民間教派信仰的狀況，上世紀末發現的《通天混海圖》抄本為我們提供了又一個有價值的文本。本文重新校勘了「成化禁書」經目，並基於《通天混海圖》的經文內證，同時輔之以外證，論證該經是成書於明初、以末劫為主題的預言書，包含有明清教派經卷所共有的若干應劫救世母題，可以被定位作早期經卷。關於《通天混海圖》與「成化禁書」關聯性的問題，本文從李賓題本中歸納出可能來自「成化禁書」的若干標記，再展現它們程度不等地出現在包括《通天混海圖》在內的七部疑似「成化禁書」的存世經卷之中，從而推斷這些經卷至少屬於「成化禁書」的後世衍生本。此外，本文通過文本互涉的方法，說明《通天混海圖》與《照仙爐經》、《三煞截鬼經》之間，存在着相當程度的關聯性，從而證實曹新宇提出的「成化禁書」應被視為一個整體的假說。
Scholars of Chinese sectarian religion have become
increasingly interested in the contents of “The 1475 Forbidden Book List” and
its surviving texts, as they can enhance our understanding of the reality of
popular religious sects in the fifteenth century and earlier. One of the most
valuable texts in the “List” is the Tongtian hunhai tu, which was
discovered during the late twentieth century. After analyzing the “List”
through both internal and external evidence, this article argues that the Tongtian
hunhai tu was written during the early Ming dynasty, and is a book of
prophecies about the kalpa-catastrophe, including some motifs of
salvation shared by different sects in Ming and Qing China. Therefore, the
author argues that this work represents an early sectarian text. Regarding the
link between the Tongtian hunhai tu and the “List,” this article
summarizes “signs” that may be related to the “List” in Li Bin’s text.
Furthermore, it demonstrates that these signs also appeared in the seven
existing books from the “List,” including the Tongtian hunhai tu, with
the author maintaining that these books are later derivational texts from the
“List.” Based on intertextual study, the author shows the links between the Tongtian
hunhai tu, Zhaoxianlu jing, and Sansha jiegui jing, thereby
proving Cao Xinyu’s hypothesis about the unifying features of “The 1475
Forbidden Book List.”