梅慧玉。〈社會中的體化實踐：臺南安平乩童濟世成神個案研究〉。《民俗曲藝》183 (2014.3): 7-69。
Mei Hui-yu. “The Practice of Incorporation in
Society: A Case Study of a Spirit Medium’s Life History.” Journal of Chinese Ritual,
Theatre and Folklore 183 (2014.3): 7-69.
Abstract
本論文分別以系統的與行動者的視角闡釋安平地方社會的在地觀點，藉助學者討論社會記憶與身體實踐的概念對安平現象進行深描，以乩童展演與體現的生命史探討個人經驗與社會傳統的交會接合，作為臺灣漢人社會性解讀的新嘗試。作者對於本文個案參與觀察二十餘年，主角「芳永」擔任乩童濟世成神的精采過程以及社群豐富的儀式展演反映了安平人對地方傳統的體化實踐。安平地方傳統思想的內涵是由集體的記憶或回憶構成，芳永濟世成神的個案是在集體記憶的社會建構脈絡下加以陳述，他的乩童角色展演乃是日常生活實踐以及所屬場域地方傳統交互作用的結果，因而芳永的個人敘述成為一組組相互關聯的整體敘述之一部分，並且鑲崁在群體認同的記憶中。芳永的例子說明個人的社群本質與社群的個人基礎如何相互交織，體現大社會的地方傳統。因為個體的差異，地方傳統並非一成不變，但也因為個體的社群本質，地方傳統得以承續，兩者之間存在着一種互為主體性的辯證關係。安平社會不是穩定的體系，而是變動的、過程的與相互決定的實體，在地人的集體與過去是透過體化實踐再現與重構。
This
article explores local Anping sociality with a systematic perspective as well
as from an agent’s point-of-view. I provide a thick description of the Anping
phenomenon with scholarly discourse on social memory and concept of bodily
practice. I offer a new attempt to inset Taiwanese society by exploring a
spirit medium’s (tangki) life history
inset between personal experience and social tradition.
I
have followed the case as a participant observer for more than twenty years.
The spirit medium, Phang-íng’s impressive career, his posthumous apotheosis,
and the rich ritual repertoire of the community embody Anping people’s practice
of the incorporation of the local tradition. The substance of the Anping local
tradition is constituted by collective memory or recollection. Phang-íng’s case
of apotheosis is interpreted within the constructed context of social memory.
His performance as a spirit medium is a result of the interaction between daily
practice and local tradition. That places Phang-íng’s personal narrative in a
part of an interconnected narrative embedded in the group’s collective identity
memory. The case of Phang-íng illustrates how an individual and his group are
interwoven, and how they represent the local tradition of a larger society.
Due
to individual variations, the local tradition does not remain unchanged. On the
other hand, it is sustained because of the nature of the individual’s
community. The two sides maintain a dialectical inter-subjectivity. The Anping
society is not a static one, but a constantly changing, evolving, and
inter-determining entity, where the local people's past and collectivity are
represented and constructed through incorporating practice.