肖習。〈德國巴伐利亞州立圖書館藏瑤族手抄本《諸品經》研究〉。《民俗曲藝》229 (2025.9): 29–90。
Xian Xi. “A Study of Yao Manuscripts Entitled Zhupin Jing Preserved in the Bavarian State Library.” Journal of Chinese Ritual, Theatre and Folklore 229 (2025.9): 29–90.
Abstract
摘要：德國巴伐利亞州立圖書館善本部藏有一類瑤族《諸品經》手抄本，其篇幅較長、抄本數量較多。《諸品經》屬於瑤族金門支系的道公經書，體例為多部短經的合集，頗有「經藏集結」之意味，具備較高的文獻學研究價值。本文以德藏十一份瑤族手抄本為研究對象，參照其他圖書館及瑤族道公珍藏行用的《諸品經》手抄本，圍繞以下議題展開系統性的文獻研究：1）存世手抄本的版本狀況；2）編排體例與內容特點；3）內含經文的道教淵源；4）瑤族宗教實踐中的意義用法。研究發現，瑤族《諸品經》文體格式上統一託名太上、信仰取向上獨尊玉皇，其中絕大部分經文都有着深刻的道教淵源，與靈寶東華派等宋元新道派關係密切。《諸品經》內含經文或原文轉抄道經，或圍繞道教的特定觀念進行「造經」，或吸收瑤族民族神及佛教文化而納入「太上」系瑤經框架。整體而言，《諸品經》作為一種特殊的瑤族宗教文化表徵，深植於道教授受經籙、道場誦經的修道傳統，且在瑤族宗教實踐中既繼承、又發展了其文化內涵。
The Rare Books Department of the Bavarian State Library houses a
category of Yao manuscripts entitled Zhupin jing 諸品經 (Scriptures of Various Categories), which are notable for their
considerable length and number of copies. Zhupin jing belong to Daogong
jing 道公經 (Daoist ritual scriptures) that circulate among the Kim Mum 金門 branch of the Yao people. Their format is a compilation of
multiple short scriptures, echoing the structure of a “scriptural canon” and
possessing significant value for textual studies.
This article takes eleven Yao manuscripts from the Bavarian
collection as primary materials, supplemented by Zhupin jing manuscripts
held in other libraries and those used by daogong 道公 (Yao ritual masters), to conduct a systematic textual analysis
centering on the following themes: 1) Extant versions of these manuscripts; 2)
Characteristics of their structure and content; 3) Daoist origins of embedded
scriptures; 4) Meaning and function in Yao religious practice.
This study finds that Zhupin jing texts consistently attribute authorship to Taishang 太上 (the Most High Lord) and exhibit exclusive reverence toward the Jade Emperor. Most scriptures are of profound Daoist origins, closely related to new Daoist movements from the Song and Yuan periods such as the Lingbao Donghua 靈寶東華 tradition. Texts within the Zhupin jing are either direct transcriptions of Daoist scriptures, newly composed scriptures centering on specific Daoist concepts, or integrative texts that absorb Yao deities and Buddhist cultural elements into Yao scriptures’ “Taishang” framework. Taken as a whole, the Zhupin jing constitute a distinctive expression of Yao religious culture deeply rooted in Daoist traditions of scriptural transmission and ritual chanting that both inherits and innovates upon these cultural elements in Yao religious practice.