范欽慧。〈聲景記憶與環境感知：以達悟族的人與非人聆聽為例〉。《民俗曲藝》227 (2025.3): 185–236。
Fan Chin-hui. “Soundscape Memory and Perception: An Example of the Tao People’s Listening to Humans and Nonhumans.” Journal of Chinese Ritual, Theatre and Folklore 227 (2025.3): 185–236.
Abstract
長期以來，人類對環境的認識是透過自身的感官進行探索。然而，感知（perception）能力並非恆定不變，而是深受生活方式影響。現代社會普遍對聲景中「非人聲音」（non-human sound）的漠視與無感，可能使人們對環境變遷的警覺性降低，進而加劇生態的危機。
相較之下，對許多原住民族而言，「聆聽非人」不僅是知識建構的一部分，更承載着「超越人類」（more-than-human）的靈性意涵。在當代人文科學的討論中，聆聽非人之聲已逐漸被視為理解社會、生態與政治關係的一種途徑，需要獲得更深入的探究。
本文採取「感官民族誌研究法」（sensory ethnomethodology），透過達悟族對風聲、浪聲與鳥音的詮釋，來探討這些逐漸被遺忘的「聲景記憶」，如何整合身體、情感、心智與靈性的層面，在歷史與文化脈絡中產生意義，並進一步形塑族群的自我認同與環境意識。希望藉此能激發更多環境行動與創新思維，並進一步促進人與土地之間的關係修復，尋回與萬物共生的智慧。
Human beings have long explored their environment through their
senses. However, perception is not constant but can be profoundly influenced by
lifestyle. In modern society, general neglect and insensitivity toward
“non-human sound” in soundscapes may reduce people’s awareness of environmental
changes, thereby exacerbating ecological crises.
In contrast, for many Indigenous Peoples, “listening to the
non-human” is not only a way of constructing knowledge but also carries
“more-than-human” spiritual significance extending beyond the human realm. In
contemporary humanities discussions, the act of listening to non-human sounds
is increasingly regarded as a means of understanding social, ecological, and
political relationships which deserves further consideration.
This study adopts a sensory ethnomethodology approach to investigate how the Tao people interpret the sounds of wind, waves, and birds. It examines how these gradually forgotten “soundscape memories” integrate bodily, emotional, cognitive, and spiritual dimensions, generating meanings within historical and cultural contexts that shape ethnic identity and environmental awareness. It is hoped that exploring these issues will inspire greater environmental action and innovative thinking, thereby promoting the restoration of the ties between humans and the land, and regaining the wisdom of coexisting with all creatures.