覃延佳。〈儀式傳承之文本媒介：廣西上林縣壯族師公戒度法事中的唱本分析〉。《民俗曲藝》185 (2014.9): 219-95。
Qin
Yanjia. “Textual Medium of Ritual
Transmission: Analysis of Jiedu
Scripts of Zhuang Shigong in Shanglin County ,
Guangxi Province
Abstract
戒度儀式既是民間儀式專家傳統賡續的核心路徑，亦是我們區分不同儀式專家傳統的重要依據。以往在研究地方儀式傳統之時，研究者關注較多的是儀式結構、神靈譜系、村落的儀式語境及不同儀式專家之間的互動關聯，對儀式專家儀式傳承的內在實踐討論甚少。其中，文本的運用作為儀式實踐的核心內容之一，需要我們結合儀式語境進行深入分析。處於廣西中部地區的壯族師公在戒度儀式中運用了大量唱本。師公唱本將一名普通人戒度為師公的原因與過程總結成模式化的敘述內容，進而在戒度儀式過程中被師公用來對弟子進行教化。唱本敘事與儀式過程共同展現了師公對「師教」主體性的形塑。通過對戒度儀式中所用唱本的分析，我們可以看出唱本作為師公儀式傳承的一種核心文本媒介，是師公用以修構自身儀式傳統的重要文字依據，亦是其有別於道公、僧公等地方儀式專家的重要標誌。唱文不僅通過儀式展演的形式將師承關係進行固化，同時也將儀式背後的內容展現出來。這既完成了儀式本身，同時亦讓受戒者經歷了師公儀式傳統承繼上的內在「教化」。在此過程中，操持儀式的師公師傅亦完成了一次唱本內容的再認知過程，這促進了師公儀式傳統在一定地域中的相對統一性。
The
jiedu initiation rite is a pivotal
path for ritual experts to carry on their tradition. It is also an important
basis for us to differentiate between traditions of ritual experts. In the
past, when studying local ritual tradition, the researchers used to pay more
attention to the ritual structure, religious pantheon, ritual context of the
village and interactions between different ritual experts. Rarely did they
bring the ritual experts’ internal practices of ritual transmission into
discussion. Use of texts is one of the core content of ritual practice. We need
to conduct in-depth analysis of the ritual texts within ritual context. The shigong of the Zhuang people in the
central region of Guangxi use many scripts during the jiedu initiation rites. They summarize the process of initiation
and give reasons why a disciple becomes a shigong.
The shigong uses a script in the jiedu initiation ritual to indoctrinate
his disciples. Narration of the scripts and ritual process demonstrate shigong’s conceptual interpretation of
the Shijiao subjectivity. Through analysis of scripts used in the jiedu initiation ritual, we can
determine that this core textual media is an important written criterion the shigong used to construct their own
ritual tradition. It is also an important symbol that separates them from other
local ritual experts like Daoist and Buddhist masters. The script consolidates
their master-disciple relationship through ritual performance and embodies the
intent behind the ritual. With the completion of ritual, the initiated
undergoes the indoctrination process of the shigong
ritual heritage. The shigong who
presides over the ritual also re-recognizes and confirms the script content.
This helps the shigong tradition to
remain relative consistent within certain regions.