王安祈。〈藝術•商業•政治•紀錄―論「戲曲電影」及其對黃梅調電影的影響〉。《民俗曲藝》190
(2015.12): 1-66。
Wang
An-chi. "Art, Commerce, Politics, and Documentation: On the Xiqu Opera Movies and Its Influences on
the Huangmeidiao Opera Movies." Journal of Chinese Ritual, Theatre and
Folklore 190 (2015.12): 1-66.
Abstract
本論文包括兩層命題：一是「論戲曲電影」，二是「論戲曲電影對黃梅調電影的影響」，第二命題含雙向討論，不僅單向論「戲曲電影對黃梅調電影的影響」，還返回頭來再論「黃梅調電影流行之後對臺灣戲曲劇壇的影響」。1949年以前以拍攝京劇電影為主，當時京劇最為流行，拍電影的商業目的明顯。1949年以後各戲曲劇種百花齊放，拍電影海外發行的目的在政治統戰，而越劇《梁祝》與黃梅戲《天仙配》電影在香港放映轟動，不僅兼收創匯經濟效益，更觸動香港電影導演靈感，創出「黃梅調電影」新類型，流行於臺灣及東南亞各國，為邵氏電影公司帶來高度商業效益。
論文後半論及黃梅調電影流行後對臺灣傳統戲曲（越劇、歌仔戲、京劇）的影響，以通俗文化的流動與傳播為主軸，並由此辯證通俗文化和傳統藝術之間的關係。最後的餘論，提出1950、60年代臺灣兩部京劇電影《洛神》與《梁紅玉》。本文即是以書籍報刊、田野訪談、親身觀賞、大量影片蒐羅為基礎，通過戲曲電影的發展考察、交互影響、資料展列與實例分析，呈現其間藝術、商業、政治、紀錄等多重意義。
There
are two topics in this essay; the first is a discussion of xiqu movies and its influence on Huangmeidiao movies. The second one is a two-way observation, on
the influence of xiqu movies on the Huangmeidiao movies, and reversely on Huangmeidiao movies’ influence on the xiqu circle of Taiwan. Before 1949, the xiqu movies were mainly of Peking Opera.
Because of the popularity of Peking Opera at that time, the movie producers
obviously had commercial interests in mind. After 1949, many more opera genres
flourished. The purpose for producing xiqu
movies to be released overseas was a political one, i.e., winning support for
the Chinese Communist regime. The huge success of Yue Opera Liangzhu (Butterfly Lovers) and Huangmeidiao Opera Tianxianpei (Heavenly Match) in Hong Kong not only generated
lucrative revenue, but also inspired Hong Kong directors to develop a genre
that came to be known as Huangmeidiao
movies. This new genre was very popular in Taiwan and Southeast Asian
countries, bringing in high profits for the Shaw Brothers Pictures Limited.
In
the second part of this essay, I describe the influences of Huangmeidiao movies on the traditional xiqu (Yue Opera, Goa -a Opera, and Peking Opera). My discussion centers on the fluidity
and transmission of popular culture, from which I differentiate the relation
between popular culture and traditional arts. In the final section, I discuss
two Peking Opera movies Roselle
and Liang Hongyu produced in Taiwan
My
thesis is based on books and newspapers, field research, collecting and viewing
considerable number of films. Through examining the development of xiqu movies, their mutual influences, as
well as presenting data and conducting case studies, I demonstrate xiqu movies’ significances in multiple
dimensions, including arts, commerce, politics, and its role in archiving.
Also
in Journal of Chinese Ritual, Theatre and
Folklore:
王安祈。〈創作與評獎：以「國家舞臺藝術精品工程」三部入選劇作為例〉。《民俗曲藝》164 (2009.6): 191-227。
Wang
An-chi. “Creative
Writing and Awards-Granting: Case Studies of the Three Plays Elected in the
'National Project of Excellent Stage Art.'” Journal of
Chinese Ritual, Theatre and Folklore 164 (2009.6): 191-227.