鍾雲鶯。〈越南寶山奇香教派及其傳衍――以「四恩孝義」為探討核心〉。《民俗曲藝》190 (2015.12): 67-127。
Chung Yun-ying. "The Sect and Lineage of Buu Son Ki Huong
in Vietnam
Abstract
本文乃以越南安江省之民間教派「寶山奇香」以及其傳衍作為研究對象，並將論述焦點集中於保存很多漢字典籍的四恩孝義派。
「寶山奇香」四字乃代表該教派傳衍的系譜，「寶」字傳人雖說法有異，然「山」指「寶山奇香」創教人段明暄，「奇」指四恩孝義創教人吳利，「香」指準佛Ta
Ponl則無異議。黃富數所開創的和好教雖不在這四字的系譜內，卻自稱和好教乃開衍「寶山奇香」之傳教系譜，但此一說法並不為四恩孝義派所接受，然就以佛為宗的信仰內容觀察，和好教的教義更接近段明暄的寶山奇香。
「四恩孝義」教派內部保留並傳抄許多漢字善書，值得學者關注，特別是該教派提升關公地位成為信仰主神，而其對「孝」的實踐，與華人社會只祭祀父系之祖先極為不同，信徒家中同時供奉男、女主人之九玄七祖牌位，這樣的孝道表現，成為四恩孝義派的信仰特色。
《靈山會上經》是四恩孝義的主要經典，其內容融和了觀音信仰、密教的咒語信仰與越南民間教派的信仰，可知佛教文化仍是四恩孝義的信仰底蘊，然其在教義與儀式上則充滿三教融合的現象，在故雖屬寶山奇香之系譜，但其信仰內容又比段明暄創教時以佛為宗的信仰內容更複雜。
The
subject of this study is the religious sect and lineage of Buu Son Ki Huong in Vietnam
The
four characters Buu Son Ki Huong stand for the sect’s lineage. The identity of
Buu is still uncertain. “Son” refers to Doan Minh Huyen, who established the
Buu Son Ki Huong sect. “Ki” is the founding leader of Tu An Hieu Nghia, Ngo
Loi. Huong is unanimously considered to be Ta Ponl. Although Phat Giao Hoa Hao
founded by Huynh Phu So is not identified here, the followers claimed
themselves to belong to the same lineage. Their claim is rejected by the Tu An
Hieu Nghia followers. However, when we examine them according to their Buddhist
notions, we find the doctrines of Phat Giao Hoa Hao closely resemble that of
Doan Minh Huyen’s Buu Son Ki Huong.
Within
the Tu An Hieu Nghia sect, the followers have kept several morality books
written in mandarin Chinese. This deserves scholars’ attention, especially
because the sect worships Lord Guan as their major deity. Their practice of
filial piety is different from that of Chinese patrilineal society. In the
followers’ houses, sacrifices are offered to both patrilineal and matrilineal
ancestor tablets. This is a feature of the Tu An Hieu Nghia sect.
Linh
Son Hoi Thuong Kinh is the primary scripture of Tu An Hieu Nghia. Its content
integrates the cult of Guanyin, the incantation of Esoteric Buddhism, and
Vietnamese folk religion. It shows that Buddhism is the very substance of Tu An
Hieu Nghia. Because its doctrines and rituals are full of traces of syncretism,
its religious concept is more complicated than that of Buu Son Ki Huong when it
was first founded by Doan Minh Huyen.