楊玉君。〈元宵祈願的弱化與隱喻〉。《民俗曲藝》227 (2025.3): 47–87。
Yang Yujun. “The Reduction and Metaphor of Lantern Festival Wishes.” Journal of Chinese Ritual, Theatre and Folklore 227 (2025.3): 47–87.
Abstract
元宵是開春後的第一個重要節日，在這「非常」時期中，源自於古老年代的儀式被重覆的執行，而代表終極神聖力量的宇宙運行的律動也再度被彰顯。與元宵相關的習俗及儀式涵蓋祈福、避禍兩種目的，而這種複合目的節日行事才是早期節日的常態。本文將說明來自新春的時間能量，如何賦予元宵的儀式神聖的動能；春季的儀式如何透過層層偽裝，將生殖欲望弱化成元宵的歌舞小戲以突破禮教的圍堵；元宵的猜燈謎如何以令人迷惑的文字來隱喻轉換的閾限期、走燈陣又如何將閾限的時間轉換為空間，以空間化的時間展現對未來一年平安豐足的祈願。本文也將分析詬詈、偷俗等儀式性的失序所釋放的生殖能量成為弱化的受難儀式的機制。本文將以比較民俗研究法，將元宵置於春季時序中，昭示元宵習俗、儀式與自然時間之間的內在邏輯、闡明驅動習俗或儀式本身的民俗思維，以分析元宵習俗中生殖祈願的意義。
The Lantern Festival (or Yuanxiao) is the first
important festival after the Lunar New Year, an “extraordinary” period when
rituals originating from ancient times are repeatedly performed and the cosmic
rhythm representing the ultimate sacred power is once again manifested. Customs
and rituals related to the Lantern Festival cover two purposes: praying for
blessings and avoiding disasters. Such a multi-purposed festival was the norm
in early ritual life. This article will explain how the energy of time
generated from the beginning of spring conferred a sacred momentum to Lantern
Festival rituals, and how desires for reproduction underwent a reduction process,
turning fertility rituals into songs and dances to break through the
confinements of morality. I will use the example of Lantern Festival riddles to
illustrate how these texts function as literal metaphors referring to the
liminal period of transformation. I will then introduce the labyrinth of
lanterns, describing this practice and arguing that it constitutes a
spatialization of time, turning a walk through the labyrinth into a prayer for
peace and prosperity in the coming year. In addition, this article will analyze
the mechanisms by which ritual disorder, such as revilement and ritual
stealing, serve as a reduction of rites of affliction. This article will also
draw on comparative folklore methodologies to place the Lantern Festival in the
time sequence of spring; reveal the inner rationale between Lantern Festival
customs, rituals and natural time; elucidate the concepts that implement
customs or rituals; and analyze the significance of fertility rites in Lantern
Festival customs.
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