程美寶。〈清代嘉慶年間以來廣東「粵謳」的流變軌跡：詩文日記、唱詞曲譜與聲音材料的綜合性研究〉。《民俗曲藝》223 (2024.3): 51-104。
Ching May Bo. “The Transformation of Yueou (Cantonese Songs) since the Early Nineteenth Century: An Integrated Approach to Studies of Sung Oral Narratives by Examining Written, Printed, and Audio Materials”.” Journal of Chinese Ritual, Theatre and Folklore 223 (2024.3): 51-104.
Abstract
本文以清代嘉慶道光年間流行於廣東省城（今廣州）珠江畫舫的以粵語演唱的「粵謳」為探討對象，檢閱紙本及錄音資料，結合觀察和實踐，追溯其流變軌跡。筆者認為，粵謳興起的年代，最早可追溯至嘉慶十六年（1811），而私人日記等材料，亦揭示了許多過去少人注意的演唱和聆聽粵謳的細節。就《越謳》編者誰屬的問題，筆者爬梳出更多資料，認為可斷定為南海文人招子庸。同治光緒年間的文獻，反映了粵謳在彼時已不流行；時至晚清，粵謳更像一種供閱讀的文體而非演唱的歌體。幸好，二十世紀二○至三○年代出版的數種粵謳樂譜，以工尺譜記下粵謳的一種時興的唱法；六○至八○年代，香港一位瞽姬的錄音，則留存了另一種可能更貼近清代的唱法。種種材料，反映了男性和女性在書寫傳統和口述傳統對曲藝的承傳，扮演了不同的角色，亦對當代唱曲者重新演繹粵謳，有莫大的啟發。
This article adopts an integrated approach to
research Chinese sung oral narratives (quyi) by studying the
transformation of “yueou” (literally, Cantonese songs) through an
examination of a variety of written, printed, and audio materials. It suggests
that this particular genre of Cantonese songs emerged in the provincial capital
of Guangdong (Guangzhou, Canton) no later than the first decade of the
nineteenth century. An abundance of written and printed materials reveals
important details about how yueou might have been performed and
appreciated during those years, and also confirms that the compiler of the
songbook entitled Yueou was most likely Zhao Ziyong, a Nanhai literatus
active in Canton during the 1820s-1830s. Literature published since the 1860s
shows that yueou was by then considered out of fashion, and by the late
Qing yueou was more like a literature style than a song genre.
Fortunately, scores published in the 1920s and 1930s document at least one type
of singing pattern of yueou, while audio records left by a blind lady
singer in Hong Kong in the 1960s and 1980s preserve another. These two types of
literature (scores and audio records) indicate the different roles played by
men and women in written and oral traditions in terms of passing down different
styles of sung oral narratives. They also serve as important references for
singers today to arrange and create their own vocal performances of yueou.