劉智豪。〈消逝、轉化與再生產：以日本鹿兒島南薩摩林家媽祖信仰文化為例〉。《民俗曲藝》218 (2022.12): 161-87。
Liu Chih-hao. “Fadeaway, Transformation, and Reproduction: A Case Study of Mazu Belief Culture in South Satsuma, Kagoshima, Japan.” Journal of Chinese Ritual, Theatre and Folklore 218 (2022.12): 161-87.
Abstract
近代中國傳統民間媽祖信仰文化於明清之際傳入日本後，受日本政治、經濟與文化的影響，再生產了日本社會自身對於媽祖信仰文化的認識。日本鹿兒島南薩摩的媽祖信仰文化早期通過戰亂與貿易傳入日本，由於經濟與政治因素的影響與推廣，迅速地發展與擴張，後期則因日本幕府的鎖國政策而逐漸衰落。爾後由於明治新政府致力於發揚國粹主義，致使媽祖信仰文化受到嚴重的打擊而轉為家神信仰而逐漸隱匿。華人在移民之初，原鄉神祇原被視為無形祈求航海安全的宗教寄託；轉至近代，由於原鄉宗教信仰的消逝與斷層，原鄉神祇逐漸轉變成有形承繼華人身分認同的文化資產象徵。近期則因日本地方政府發展傳統文化的需要，才被發掘出來作為地方文化資產推廣的代表。
After Mazu belief culture was introduced to Japan
during the Ming and Qing dynasties, local communities produced their own
understandings as a result of the influence of Japanese politics, economy, and
culture. During the early modern era, the Mazu belief culture of Southern
Satsuma, Kagoshima spread throughout Japan via war and trade, developing and
expanding rapidly because of economic and political factors, but later
gradually declining because of the government’s “closed door” policy. Later,
the Meiji government’s nationalist policies seriously impacted Mazu belief
culture, which transformed into a family god cult. Therefore, the Mazu belief
culture of Southern Satsuma has taken on very different forms during various
time periods, and has recently changed from local government intangible
cultural heritage to a representative of tangible cultural heritage for
promoting traditional local culture.