葉可佳、波莉娜。〈俄羅斯漢學家阿理克1912年赴華收集的民間宗教文書及圖象〉。《民俗曲藝》207 (2020.3):
255-99。
Ekaterina Zavidovskaia and Polina Rud. “Materials
on Popular Religion Collected by the Russian Sinologist Vasiliy Alekseev during
His Expedition to the Southern China in 1912.” Journal of Chinese Ritual, Theatre and
Folklore 207 (2020.3): 255-99.
Abstract
本文探討俄羅斯漢學家阿列克謝耶夫（Vasiliy Mikhailovitch
Alekseev, 1881 – 1951，以下稱其漢名阿理克）1912年訪問中國南方地區所搜集的一系列民間宗教相關的文書及圖象。1912年阿理克赴華的路線是：海參威—哈爾濱—上海—寧波—普陀山—福州—廈門—汕頭—廣州—香港—聖彼得堡。阿理克受到俄羅斯中東亞研究委員會的委託赴華收集並採購民俗物品，他將所收集的物品交給彼得大帝俄羅斯科學院人類學與民族學博物館，一共約1083件物品（館內登錄號2054）。1906–1909年在華深造時，阿理克對中國南北民俗及民間信仰獲得很深入的了解，1912年他以專家的眼光判斷所聞見的社會現象，並採購對民俗及宗教研究有價值的物品。本文探討阿理克所收集具有南方區域特色的民間宗教文書，如諸神紙馬、普度驅魔趕鬼等儀式中應用的牒文、冥界用品，花公、花母、紫微星君等神的疏文。這批學術界還陌生的文書對於清末民初中國南方民間信仰研究相當有價值，並且讓我們更全面地了解阿理克的漢學研究方法與俄羅斯漢學的承繼。
The paper discusses
materials on popular cults and religion collected by the founding father of
Russian sinology Vasiliy Mikhailovitch Alekseev (1881-1951) during his
ethnographic expedition to the southern China Vladivostok – Harbin – Shanghai – Ningbo – Putuoshan – Fuzhou
– Xiamen – Shantou
– Guangzhou – Hong Kong
– Saint-Petersburg. Alekseev collected ethnographic materials on behalf of the
Russian Committee of East Asian Studies and handed purchased artifacts in the
amount of about 1083 pieces (registration No. 2054) to the Peter the Great
Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Russian Academy China
in 1906-1909 Alekseev acquired large collections of ethnographic materials and
folk art from the northern regions of China fic s
of the objects brought by Alekseev from South China ,
e.g. paper icons zhima, funeral
objects, memorials and prayers used for soul salvation and exorcism rituals,
and worship of local deities like Huagong, Huamu and Ziwei Celestial Emperor.
Objects from this collection unknown to the academia shed light on local cults
and arts of late Qing early Republican era and provide new data on methods and
interpretations offered by Alekseev and later Russian sinologists.