閩客通婚與家戶社經地位關係之研究 (1905-1945): 以福爾摩沙歷史職業與社會分層資料庫分析

林嘉琪、楊文山、褚齡霙、黃湘楨、郭曜軒。〈閩客通婚與家戶社經地位關係之研究（1905-1945）：以福爾摩沙歷史職業與社會分層資料庫分析〉。《民俗曲藝》197 (2017.9): 135-84。

Lin Chia-chi, Yang Wen-shan, Chuu Ling-in, Huang Hsiang-chen, and Kuo Yao-hsuan. “The Relationship between Household Economic Status and Ethnic Intermarriage, 1905-1945: Formosa Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations Database (Formosa HISCO).” Journal of Chinese Ritual, Theatre and Folklore 197 (2017.9): 135-84.

Abstract

本文主要回應武雅士（Arthur P. Wolf）教授，對於臺灣歷史人口學研究缺乏「經濟變項」做為分析依據的待努力項目，因而進行「福爾摩沙歷史職業與社會分層資料庫」的建置，並以武雅士長期研究的婚姻類型做一結合分析：探討閩客通婚型態中，客家婦女的家戶經濟型態、婚姻類型與閩南夫婿原居所的分布。「福爾摩沙歷史職業與社會分層資料庫」將臺灣的歷史職業項目與國際標準職業分類做結合，希望有助於歐亞歷史人口的比較研究。本文以臺北（淡水、大稻埕、艋舺）與新竹（竹北、峨眉、北埔）做為研究分析點，藉由研究點內閩客的族群比例、閩客通婚的婚姻類型、第一次婚的平均年齡與家戶社經地位等變項分析，研究結果顯示區域內的族群比例並未真正影響通婚的決定，家庭需求才是造成客家女性與閩南男性結親的主要因素，其中家庭需求包括勞動力需求與家戶世系延續等兩大因素。當我們以客家女性為主題，觀察通婚現象時，發現不論農村地區或城市地區，其通婚類型並無明顯偏好。

In this paper, we respond to Professor Arthur P. Wolf’s suggestion to establish “economic variables” as the basis for the analysis of Taiwan’s historical demography. We have set up a database “Formosa Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations” (Formosa HISCO). We further apply this Formosa HISCO to Wolf’s long-term study of marriage patterns to make a combined analysis: a discussion of Hokkien and Hakka intermarriage patterns, Hakka women’s household economic types, marriage types and distribution of Hokkien husband’s original residence. In Formosa HISCO, we link Taiwanese historical occupation items to HISCO in order to facilitate comparative studies with Eurasian historical demography. We select 6 regions in Northern Taiwan as our research sites: Tamsui, Dadaocheng, Mengjia, Zhubei, Beipu and Emei. With ethnic proportion, marriage types of intermarriage, average age at first marriage and household social economic status under analysis, we find that the proportion of ethnic groups in the regions did not really affect the intermarriage decision. “Family needs” which include the production of offsprings and the demand for labor force, were the main factor to push the Hakka and Hokkien to a marriage.