Chen
Meiwen. “Religion as a Civilizing
Process? Rethinking Yao Religious Culture and Ritual Manuscripts.” Journal
of Chinese Ritual, Theatre and Folklore 187 (2015.3): 155-209.
陳玫妏。〈宗教開化？針對瑤人宗教信仰與科儀珍本的考察與反思〉。《民俗曲藝》187 (2015.3): 155-209。
Abstract
This
article suggests that the Yao religious domain should be considered as an
interface where the Chinese imperial state attempted to assert its “civilizing”
power by incorporating local society into official governance, yet also where
the Yao not only assimilated but also transformed imperial influences in the
light of their own cultural values. It explores these issues by describing the
patrilineal ideology of Yao ordination and its impact on the transmission of
ritual manuscripts. Another key issue centres on the ways in which the
ideological basis of filial piety, an important Confucian value at the core of
ancestor worship, has been re-employed to sustain the practice of Yao ordination
as well as their manuscript culture. Yao ritual
manuscripts have generally been regarded as literary manifestations of the
success of the imperial “civilizing project” among non-Han peoples, with
previous scholarship considering Yao Yao ritual manuscripts as
“objects of value,” and shows how the Yao
本文提出，對於瑤人的宗教信仰應做雙向思考。中華帝國以宗教教化做為收編地方勢力，將之納入國家治理的工具；但另一方面，中華帝國的漢文教育也被瑤人吸收、轉化，成為傳承本族文化的媒介。孝道是儒家推崇的重要德行，也是瑤人傳衍祖先崇拜的根基。瑤人藉由展演度戒儀式來實踐孝道，科儀文書所記載的宗教知識亦藉此得以延續。之前的研究學者，主要將瑤人科儀文書視為國家漢化勢力成功收編並開化地方社會的表徵。本文的不同之處，在於理解瑤人為何視科儀文書為重要珍寶，並說明瑤人如何將本族的文化價值，嵌入國家教化的書寫學習，並以科儀珍本的物質形式代代相傳。