戰前日本帝國大學之籌組與校園空間的「巴洛克」化：從東京帝國大學到臺北帝國大學

黃蘭翔。〈戰前日本帝國大學之籌組與校園空間的「巴洛克」化：從東京帝國大學到臺北帝國大學〉。《民俗曲藝》182 (2013.12): 221-301。

Huang Lan-shiang. “Japanese Imperial Universities with Baroque-Style Campus Landscape, from Tokyo to Taipei.” Journal of Chinese Ritual, Theatre and Folklore 182 (2013.12): 221-301.

Abstract

過去對臺灣大學校園空間與建築的詮釋，一方面嚴詞批判它是日本的軍國主義南侵的知識基地，另一方面又將其視為今日國立臺灣大學的人文精神的象徵。這種雙重的矛盾象徵明確而清楚，但是臺大師生卻與這個矛盾性共渡近70年的時間，如今也不見企圖正面處理的動向。撰寫本文的動機即是起於這個簡單的疑問。文章作了歷史文獻的耙梳，透過檢析二戰前的日本帝國大學的籌組與校園空間的塑造過程，希望能夠找到解決疑惑的契機。

經過本文的檢析與論述，結果知道不論日本宗主國內東京帝國大學或是在殖民地的臺北帝國大學，它們都以合併吸收學習西方文明之先行高等專門學校，作為建構屬於近代國家的大學之方法。甚至都應用學習自西方的「巴洛克」空間模式於大學校園的規劃與形塑。

結果日本透過政治立場的優越性，使新型的大學校園更容易實踐於臺灣。也因為如此，宗主國應用殖民統治的手段，將日本式「近代國家性格的大學」之建構方式與「巴洛克」校園環境之模式帶來臺灣。將原來在日本國內僅應用於局部性的空間秩序，改用超人性尺度的巨大權威性模式實踐於臺灣。

行文最後，發現二戰後的國立臺灣大學在沒有整體規劃下延長了原帝國大學的東西軸線，或為重整無秩序的校園空間再度強化其中心軸線的特性，這顯示了戰後的臺灣雖然批判政治上的殖民統治，但並不排斥大學校園具有古典「巴洛克」模式的空間性格。這種校園「巴洛克」空間的形塑、傳播與轉化，如實地說明藝術範型的形成、傳播與轉化的現象。

Commentaries on the campus landscape and architecture of Taiwan University have long disagreed on two diametric fronts, one that criticizes it for being the intellectual base camp for Japanese militarists’ south­-bound invasion; another considers it the humanism symbol of Taiwan University today. Faculty and students of Taiwan University are caught in the paradox for nearly seventy years. So far there has not been a positive attempt to negotiate a consensus. I have gone through archives and documentations before WWII that record the process of imperial university chartering and landscape designing, hoping to clarify the issue.

I will argue that, either Tokyo Imperial University in the suzerain or the Taipei Imperial University in the colony followed the same path to establish a modern university by annexing extant technology colleges that featured a curriculum based on western civilization. In addition, both imperial universities applied the western Baroque style to their campus landscaping.

With its dominant sovereignty, the Japanese government introduced the concept of a contemporary university and the model of a Baroque­-style campus landscape to Taiwan. Their political hegemony not only made the new type of university even more feasible in Taiwan, but also extended the spatial order that had been limited to a smaller scale in Japan to one that was both enormously authoritative and super­-human.

At the conclusion of my investigation, I have found that the post­-War Taiwan University lengthened the original east-­west axis of the Imperial Taipei University without a prior integral plan. It was possibly that there was an attempt to reorganize the disjointed campus space by emphasizing the medial status of the axis. This indicates that although post-­War Taiwanese condemned the colonial rule, they were not opposed to a campus with classic Baroque spatial features. This case of the Baroque campus space illustrates how an artistic paradigm takes shape, is disseminated and transformed.