蔡宗平。〈義子女與爐主：花蓮勝安宮王母信仰的雙重特質〉。《民俗曲藝》228 (2025.6): 45–99。
Tsai Tsung-ping. “Disciple and Incense Master: The Dual Characteristics of the Eternal Mother Cult at the Sheng-An Temple.” Journal of Chinese Ritual, Theatre and Folklore 228 (2025.6): 45–99.
Abstract
本文探討花蓮勝安宮從以降乩、扶鸞為主的志願性宗教團體，兼具義務性宗教團體之特質，並試圖呈現其成為義務性宗教團體的同時仍保有志願性特質的情況，以及此現象在臺灣漢人民間信仰中具特殊性。勝安宮自1949年草創，時至今日其王母信仰不僅是臺灣頗具影響力的女神信仰，該宮亦成為全臺著名的進香中心與東臺灣的信仰中心。勝安宮的王母信仰因降乩、扶鸞靈驗，因此在東臺灣吸引一批忠實的信徒（王母義子女）。這些信徒以花蓮市的中產階級、中小企業主與吉安鄉的藍領階層為大宗。他們在1950–1990年代積極參與花蓮市與吉安鄉各廟宇與宗教團體的創建、整修與管理，是勝安宮得以拓展其地方社會影響力的重要原因之一。勝安宮現已廢止招收義子女，其爐主祭祀改為由吉安鄉18村之村長輪值擔任，可知當前勝安宮作為志願性宗教團體的面向已經式微，相對地義務性特徵更趨於明顯，促使勝安宮更進一步紮根地方乃至成為具有香火權威、跨越祖籍群的地方大廟與臺灣王母信仰進香中心。本文一方面將先考察勝安宮及各地分宮的發展歷程，釐清勝安宮與花蓮地方政治、社會之關係；另一方面亦將探究勝安宮與花蓮各宗教團體之互動，以討論勝安宮之雙重特質如何促成其發展為花蓮全縣信仰中心及全臺進香中心。
This article explores how the Hualien Sheng-An Temple, a
voluntary religious group that originally practiced spirit writing, developed
characteristics of an ascriptive religious group while still retaining some of
its voluntary features, a phenomenon relatively unique in Taiwanese popular
religion. Founded in 1949, today’s Sheng-An Temple cult to the Eternal Mother
of the West is not only influential in Taiwan, but the temple itself has grown
into a famous pilgrimage center in the island’s eastern regions (especially
Hualien County). Belief in the Eternal Mother at the Sheng-An Temple attracted
a group of loyal worshippers (known as the Eternal Mother’s adopted children)
due to the efficacy of spirit mediums and spirit-writing rituals. However, the
Sheng-An Temple has stopped accepting adopted children, and the role of incense
master (luzhu 爐主) is now rotated among
eighteen village chiefs in Ji’an Township. Thus, we can see that the voluntary
religious features of the Sheng-An Temple have declined, while its ascriptive
characteristics have become more obvious. This has resulted in the Sheng-An
Temple taking root in eastern Taiwan and becoming a leading sacred site with
incense power that transcends native place groups while also serving as a
renowned pilgrimage center for the Eternal Mother of the West. On the one hand,
this article examines the historical development of the Sheng-An Temple and its
branch temples throughout Taiwan, while also clarifying the links between this
temple and Hualien’s local politics and society. On the other hand, it explores
the interaction between the Sheng-An Temple and various religious groups in
Hualien, and discusses how the temple’s dual characteristics have contributed
to its development into a religious center of Hualien County and pilgrimage
center of all Taiwan.