蔣瑜娟。〈上海報刊中的寧波崑班演出紀錄查考 (1898－1915)〉。《民俗曲藝》216(2022.6):
201-54。
Chiang Yu-chuan. “An Inquiry into the Records of Ningbo Kunqu Troupes’ Performances in Shanghai Newspapers (1898–1915).” Journal of Chinese Ritual, Theatre and Folklore 216(2022.6): 201-54.
Abstract
寧波崑班從光緒年間到民國初年曾數度組班赴上海演出，在崑曲的傳播上有重要意義，然而甬崑在上海演出確切的時間、地點、劇目、以及觀眾反應如何？始終未明，現有記載多出於文人觀眾筆記及老藝人訪談記錄，也多有訛誤。晚清以消費娛樂報導為主的小報多有演劇報導及戲園廣告，適可彌補當時資料之不足，筆者爬梳「晚清民國近代報刊資料庫」的上海報刊影像，佐以《申報》影像，查考寧波新老慶豐崑班集結徐雲標等好角合班，從光緒廿五年到民國四年間（1899–1915）八度進出上海，民國四年在新開寗舞臺結束滬上獻藝。至於劇評則時隔二十多年始陸續見諸報刊，當時上海文人記憶中的寧波崑班實為崑弋班，藝人鄉音影響白口，然而曲友們始終趨之若騖，在崑劇演出史上實為特殊、又幾乎被淹沒的風景。
The Ningbo Kunqu Troupes had made several tours to
Shanghai theaters during the Guangxu reign and early Repubican years. Their
influence on the tranmission of Kunqu
is significant. However, regarding their performance dates, locations,
repertoires and audience responses, very little is known for certain. Extant
documentation mostly came from audience’s accounts and interviews with senior
artists. They are often inaccurate. Fortunately, articles and theater
advertisements from Late Qing entertainment tabloids help supply some missing
information. I have combed through the “Late Qing and Republican-Era Chinese
Newspapers Database (1833–1911)” as well as Shen Bao newspaper database for relevant
entries. The search yields tracks of the Ningbo Kunqu Troupes’ tours to Shanghai. Apparently, there had
been 8 tours from 1899 to 1915, in which individual troupes collaborated by
joining their casts. Famous actors, such as Xu Yunbiao appeared in a number of
these productions. The Ningbo Kunqu
Troupes’ performances in Shanghai concluded at Xinkaining Theater in 1915.
Critical reviews of these productions did not appear in newspapers until 20
years later. The Ningbo Kunqu
Troupes in contemporary Shanghai literati’s reminiscence are actually Kunqu Troupes that had assimilated Yiyang
style (also called Kunyi
opera). For some sophisticated opera fans in Shanghai who were accustomed to
genuine Suzhou dialect, the Ningbo actors’ heavy accent sounded funny.
Nevertheless, the audience continued to favor the performances. The tours
constitute a part of Kunqu
history that is very special and yet very obscure.