巫能昌。〈宋元以來江蘇常熟真武崇拜考〉。《民俗曲藝》204 (2019.6):
51-98。
Wu Nengchang. “The Zhenwu
Cult in Changshu (Jiangsu
Abstract
歷代常熟方志如宋寶祐《琴川志》、鄉鎮志如清吳卓信纂《桂村小志》、文人文集如明孫樓《刻孫百川先生文集》、寺觀志如清釋空見纂《藏海寺志》、地方文獻彙編如邵松年輯《海虞文徵》等文獻中對宋元以來常熟民間頗為流行的真武崇拜多有記載，其中包括數量可觀的碑銘錄文，涉及廟宇修建、儀式專家、普通信眾等方面的內容。真武崇拜至今仍是常熟民間的重要神明崇拜之一。供奉真武的廟宇數量不少，其中包括歷史較為悠久的虞山祖師廟、周涇佑聖道院、龍旋真武廟等。以這些廟宇為中心的真武誕日慶典，以及道教科儀、民間宣卷等儀式活動仍然構成常熟民間文化和民俗活動的重要內容。文章將在梳理傳統歷史文獻記載的基礎上，結合田野調查資料，力圖較為系統地考察宋元以來常熟的真武崇拜，並主要對參與其中的社會人群，以及相關儀式傳統進行分析。
Records treating the development of temple cults to the popular
deity Zhenwu that arose during the Song and Yuan dynasties in the Changshu area
of Jiangsu Province may be found in a wide range of documents, including local
chronicles such as the Baoyou Qinchuan
zhi, village and township records like Wu Zhuoxin’s Guicun xiaozhi, literati anthologies such as Sun Lou’s Ke Sun Baichuan xiansheng wenji, temple
gazetteers like the Canghai sizhi
compiled by Shi Kongjian during the Qing dynasty, compilations of local
literature such as Shao Songnian’s Haiyu
wenzheng, etc. In addition, a considerable number of stele inscriptions
treat temple construction projects, ritual specialists, and ordinary worshippers.
Today, the Zhenwu cult remains one of Changshu’s most thriving forms of
religious life, with a large number of temples dedicated to Zhenwu now
flourishing, including those with lengthy histories like the Ancestral Master
Temple on Mount Yushan, the Yousheng Daoist Temple at Zhoujing, the Zhenwu
Temple at Longxuan, etc. Moreover, birthday celebrations for Zhenwu centered on
these temples, as well as ritual activities such as Daoist liturgies and precious
scroll recitations, still constitute an important part of Changshu popular
culture. Based on investigations of historical documents as well as extensive
field research, this paper attempts to systematically trace the growth of the
Zhenwu cult in Changshu since the Song-Yuan era, with special attention devoted
to the social groups involved in this cult as well as related ritual
traditions.